An integrative approach to the formation of professional thinking of future specialists in technical specialties in the learning process in a higher education institution

Abstract

The aim of the article is to clarify the essence of professional thinking and justify an integrative approach to the formation of professional thinking of future professionals of technical specialties from various scientific positions. It is defined as mental ability, process, system, intellectual skills and integral quality. The integrative approach involves the study of the essence and properties of professional thinking from the perspective such sciences as philosophy, psychology, pedagogy. From the perspective of philosophy, thinking is the basis for the formation of worldview and involves the understanding of being as a whole. Worldview integrates knowledge, ideals, goals, hopes, desires, beliefs, emotions, feelings, views on the meaning and purpose of life, which determine human thinking and activity. From the perspective of psychology, there is an organic connection between individual thinking processes, feelings and will. The development of holistic logical thinking is not possible without taking into account the integration processes: both in the human psyche and in the learning process. From the perspective of pedagogy, the formation of thinking is built as a holistic system of knowledge. Theproperties and structure of professional thinking of specialists in different fields are due to different characteristics of the professional activity. Professional thinking is a process of generalized and indirect reflection of a person’s professional reality, which is carried out using specific to each profession techniques for solving professional problems. Its common features involve the process of identifying, understanding and solving professional problems.
In educational process, such functions of thinking as understanding (conceptual function), the function of problems and tasks solving, the function of goal formation and the reflexive function are formed. An integrative
approach from the perspective of pedagogy includes integration of content, methods and means of developing professional thinking in the educational process. The formation of professional thinking of future professionals
in the learning process involves solving problems, analyzing professional situations, making professional decisions, choosing ways of working, etc.