About formal language and literary education of pupils of general secondary education institutions in the conditions of competence learning

Abstract

The article clarifies and deepens the concept of formal education, which is associated with the mental education of students in the context of competency-based learning of Ukrainian language and literature. The purpose of the study is to reveal the meaning of formal education in relation to its material education. Despite the fact that modern domestic pedagogy considers the division of education into formal and material erroneous, it is argued that pedagogical science has long operated with terms and concepts of material and formal education, which should be distinguished and explained as semantic and form aspects of education. The authors of the article explain formal education as one that directs learning to the development of students' formal thinking, which means the student's ability to comprehend their mental actions that ensure the implementation of the educational task. The twofold nature of learning, which involves identifying key questions: «What to learn?» аnd «How to teach?» is outlined. Formal education is related to material (knowledge, ideas, attitudes, values, etc.), as it serves as a means of implementing the content component of education. The development of formal thinking is based on the assimilation by students of mental and practical operations, awareness of which is an important indicator of a competent person. Formal thinking means the ability and habit of the subject to reflect on his actions. The purpose of formal education is formation of thinking and active competent person. Formal language and literature education have a personal developmental significance for students due to the impact on their consciousness and feelings. It is carried out mainly in the process of mastering the rules of cognitive work and performing the main types of language analysis and ways of literary analysis, use and mastering the methods of their implementation, which is the basis of every analytical operation on linguistic and literary material.