Actualization of the dictation problem as a special type of educational and diagnostic exercises in primary school

Abstract

It has been highlighted the dictation as a special type of exercise in this article. It is a methodical toolkit of a primary school teacher for diagnosing gaps in schoolchildren's education. An analysis of the work of scientists and practicing teachers on the problem of the method of conducting dictations in primary school was carried out. It has been update classification of dictations according to the criteria by Antonina Movchun and Lesya Movchun in the publication «Collection of dictations from the Ukrainian language for schoolchildren of grades 2–4» (2022).

According to the purpose of use, the authors selected educational and diagnostic dictations. Depending on how schoolchildren write down the text dictated to them - without changes or with changes – dictations were divided into textual, selective, free and creative. They include diagnostic, warning, and explanatory ones to the text ones; to dictations with text changes – selective, free and creative. At the end of the study guide, final diagnostic dictations were offered. And what is the most important – they worked out and made public the method of conducting this type of exercises.

Tests and exercises for dictations are grouped according to the topics of typical educational programs by Oleksandra Savchenko, Roman Shiyan and textbooks for schoolchildren of grades 2–4. We focus on the using of adapted excerpts from the works of the well-known writer, this year's jubilee Yevhen Hutsal. We suggest that primary school teachers use memories of Yevhen Hutsal's work about Irpin area during creative dictations. The creative principle of selecting texts for dictation as a type of exercise can give impetus to further research into the methodology of conducting dictation in junior high school.